Draft Profile: Berghain / Panorama Bar

INALLY, I’m en route to Berlin for a couple of months of follow-up research, fun, and writing. I’ve got a few things up my sleeve for the days ahead, and I’ll definitely be writing reports of where and I and what I do (and with whom) while in Berlin. But for now, I’m going to present something a bit different.

I’d like to try creating profiles of places, events, organizations, and so on that are important to my work. The idea here is to develop them in a semi-wiki fashion—that is, I publish an initial draft of the profile and ask you all to post additions, corrections, or alternate opinions in the comment thread below the draft. Then, I use the feedback to create a static page with a revised version of the profile. The profile will be “finishing” rather than “finished,” in the sense that it will strive to have the coherence and breadth of a definitive encyclopedia entry, while always remaining open to new material as it develops (or as it is suggested by other readers). What do you think of the concept? Let me know in the comments below.

In the meanwhile, here is my first profile. It’s of Berghain / Panorama Bar, which is a nightclub in Berlin and the epicenter of much of my fieldwork there. I’ve taken the text for this from an essay entitled, “Vagueness and Liquidarity: Solidarity, Belonging, and Ethics on the Dancefloor in Paris and Berlin,” which will appear in the forthcoming collection Music and Sociality in Urban Europe, edited by Fabian Holt and Carsten Wergin. So, you can consider this something of a sneak-peek (this essay is also a pared-down version of one of my dissertation chapters). In preparing this for press, I had to pare down my description of Berghain substantially, so this profile is also my way of making use of all of the text I had to discard during the editing process.

Berghain / Panorama Bar (2004–present)

Berghain viewed from the street, from Wikimedia Commons

Official Web Site: http://berghain.de

A nightclub that has become an institution of the Berlin techno scene, also taking on mythical proportions in the global techno and house scenes. The club is in fact a reincarnation of an earlier Berlin nightclub, Ostgut (1998-2003), which was located in the empty Ostgüterbahnhof railway shipping warehouse near the Ostbahnhof S-Bahn/railway station in the Friedrichshain district (in former East Berlin). Ostgut closed in 2003, the building was subsequently demolished, and the vacant space became part of the property for the multi-use sports and entertainment arena, O₂ World, the naming rights of which were bought by mobile telecommunications company Telefónica O₂ Germany in 2006. With some financial support from municipal government and outside investors, Ostgut reopened as Berghain in 2004 in a DDR-era electrical plant on the other side of Ostbahnhof’s railway tracks.[1] The new name, “Berghain,” is a portmanteau taken from the final syllables of the names of the two districts that flank the location: Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain (former West and East Berlin, respectively).

The building in which Berghain is located was built between 1953 and 1954 in the socialist neoclassical style, with alternating pilasters and lattice windows running the height of the building, underlined by a band of rusticated masonry around the base.[2] Although there are essentially three levels to the building, each level has a height of approximately 9 meters (30 feet).[3]

Floor-plan of the ground floor of Berghain; see footnote 3 for credits.

The ground floor includes a relatively small ticket booth area, followed by a large entry hall with a coat-check and an art installation by Polish artist, Piotr Nathan, entitled Rituale des Verschwindens [Rituals of Disappearance] (2004) and composed of 175 1m² aluminum tiles.[4] The remainder of the floor is dedicated to a bar area and a large darkroom space, reserved for (mostly) male-male sexual play.

Floor-plan of the second floor (i.e., 1. Stock) of Berghain; see footnote 3 for credits.

Suspended steel stairs lead up to Berghain, the former turbine room, with 18m-high ceilings (60 ft.), a dancefloor that can easily hold 500 people, and seven massive FunktionOne speaker stacks.[5] The second floor also holds two bars, another darkroom, a mezzanine with an ice cream bar, and large unisex bathrooms.

Floor-plan of the third floor (i.e., 2. Stock) of Berghain; see footnote 3 for credits.

Another set of steel stairs on one side of the main dancefloor leads to Panorama Bar, a second dancefloor located in the former control room of the electrical plant. This space includes a wrap-around bar covered in black rubber, and large-format prints of Wolfgang Tillmans photographs, including two from his abstract “Freischwimmer” series, and one of a woman sitting on a chair, naked below the waist, with her spread legs exposing her shaved vagina with pink, swollen labia.[6] The DJ spins at a table suspended by chains from the ceiling, separated from the crowd by a railing of steel tubing decorated with worn-out dials and needle-meters (left over from the room’s previous life), which also serves as a shelf for drinks. The floor-length windows running one side of the room are covered by mechanized metal blinds, which the lighting technician opens during moments of musical climax to allow the morning sun to wash over the crowd. The rest of this upper floor includes another set of unisex bathrooms, another bar, several alcoves (old storage lockers that have been modified and cushioned), and a smoking area. A door on the eastern side of the ground floor opens out onto a patio space—including another bar, a dancefloor covered by netting, and plenty of cushions and alcoves—which opens up from midday till at least dusk of the following day, weather permitting. Throughout the club, couches have been fashioned out of 1,462-kilogram (3,223-pound) concrete channel sections.

All of this space, which has a capacity of 1,500 people, occupies only half of the building. The upper two levels of the rear half of the building are as of yet undeveloped, although the management has proposed turning the space into a multi-use performance and exhibition space (the project is dubbed “Kubus” by the architectural firm, Karhard Architektur). In late 2009, Berghain was awarded 1.5 Million Euros in government funds to finance this project and other renovations, which comes from the coffers of the Vermögen der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR—that is, of the fund held collectively by the socialist political parties and citizens’ associations of the former German Democratic Republic.[7] The remainder of the ground floor level is known as the Lab.Oratory, a (gay male) sex club that is considered one of the most “hardcore” gay fetish clubs in Berlin; the monthly schedule of events ranges from leather and sports fetishes to “watersports” and “scat” play (urine and feces, respectively). This male-only space usually remains separate from the mixed-gender (but predominantly queer) space of Berghain/Panorama Bar: it maintains a separate, less visible entrance at the side of the building and it advertises its events on a separate website (http://www.lab-oratory.de/). Nonetheless, the doors between the two sections of the building are opened once a year at New Year’s Eve.

Although Berghain/Panorama Bar and Lab.Oratory operate mostly as separate establishments, this does not mean that sexual play is limited to the sex club: there are two very active darkrooms in Berghain and, since Lab.Oratory opens and closes earlier, its patrons will often come up to Berghain afterwards. Ostgut, Berghain’s precursor, actually began as an itinerant gay fetish night called “Snax,” which eventually found a permanent home at Ostgut in 1998; up to the time of this writing, Berghain holds a special “Snax” fetish night every year on the weekend of Holy Week, in Easter. On a regular night at Berghain, the sexual escapades of the darkrooms often spill over to the bathroom stalls, the half-lit alcoves lining the hallways, and sometimes right to the middle of the dancefloor or at the bar. In fact, it has become something of a cliché in first-hand accounts of Berghain to claim that one had been witness to some form of penetrative sex act in a well-lit area of the club; this cliché is not complete, however, without also claiming that none of the surrounding partygoers were in the slightest bit fazed by such antics. This is not to say that such clichés are false; quite the contrary, the crowds at Berghain and Panorama Bar provide a constant supply of salacious anecdotes that sustain its reputation as a place of unlimited hedonism and permissiveness. This permissiveness also extends to the consumption of illicit substances, which are an undeniable part of marathon partying that takes place at Berghain. There seems to be a tacit understanding between the club’s staff and clientele that, so long as partygoers make a credible effort to hide their drug use in toilet stalls and darkened corners, the security personnel will not go seeking them out. It is a common and unremarkable sight to see four or five giggling clubbers spill out of one bathroom stall, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed. [8]

It is both to protect these practices and to preserve this reputation that the club staff are not at all permissive about one thing: photography. Any form of photography is strictly forbidden within the walls of the club. The front door, when open, displays a sign that shouts, “Taking photos is not allowed!” in English, French, Russian, and German; this sign has become such a symbol of Berghain’s amalgam of excessiveness and protectiveness, it has been chosen to grace the final page of the English translation of Tobias Rapp’s Lost and Sound: Berlin, Techno und der Easyjetset.[9][10] While being searched in front of the box office, any camera you have will be torn from your hands and checked at behind the box office desk; they don’t even trust you to walk to the coat check and leave it there. If your mobile phone has a built-in camera, the security personnel will wave your phone in front of your face and recite the standard warning, in German or English, “No pictures inside, OK? If we see you taking a picture, we throw you out and it’s Hausverbot [permanent banishment from the premises] for you. Got it?” This is no mere formality; every time I have witnessed this speech, the vocal intonation has been emphatic, the gaze sincere, and their gestures sharp. Nor is this an idle threat; on several occasions I have seen someone attempt to snap a picture of the DJ or the crowd with her or his camera-phone, only to have bouncer materialize next to her or him, snatch the camera, and frog-march the bewildered clubber to the exit. When asked, the staff will always justify this policy as being essential to creating a safe space of erotic and pharmacological experimentation; this is undoubtedly true, but it also contributes to a separation of inside and outside experience: what happens in Berghain only circulates outside as gossip, tall tales, fragmented memories, and nostalgia. Similarly, many descriptions of Berghain note that there are no mirrors or reflective surfaces anywhere in the club, suggesting that this was done deliberately to prevent partygoers from feeling embarrassed about their messy state and going home.

While all of these practices and discourses constantly reproduce Berghain’s reputation as a site of excess, experimentation, unraveling, and freedom, this club also has a reputation as a global epicenter for techno and house music. Philip Sherburne, a prominent reviewer for the online music publication Pitchfork, suggested that Berghain “is quite possibly the current world capital of techno, much as E-Werk or Tresor were in their respective heydays.”[11] The readers of Resident Advisor, a long-standing online EDM community, voted Berghain/Panorama Bar the best club in the world in 2008, while readers of DJ Mag voted it best club in the world in 2009. Most profiles of the club echo Sherburne, praising the booking policy (a balance of high-profile DJs, legendary veterans, and rising talent), the appreciative and engaged crowd, the powerful but clean sound system, the marathon DJ sets (which gives DJs more freedom to range widely in style and mood), and the relatively low cost (compared to clubs of similar caliber in other European capitals). Several of my contacts in both Berlin and Paris claimed that the roster of DJs for an average night at Berghain would be worthy of a massive, “highlight of the season” event in any other city.

Along with Berghain’s reputation for being a space of freedom, hedonism, musical connoisseurship, and intense experience comes a reputation for being severely, inscrutably, and at times arbitrarily selective at the door. Berghain’s bouncers are notorious for enforcing a stringent but elusive door policy, the precise parameters of which are never divulged by the staff and can be inferred only from observing the fate of those ahead of you in line. There exists a constantly churning discourse within EDM networks about how to avoid being turned away at the door: don’t look too glamorous; look queer; don’t act like a tourist; don’t look too young; don’t show up as a group of straight men or women; dress eccentrically; go alone; if you don’t speak German, don’t speak your native tongue in line and learn how to say “Hello” and “One, please,” in German; and so on. At least one of these unspoken rules is widely known and broadcast among Berlin clubbers: no large groups.

Notes and Works Cited

1. For a lively account of the re-opening weekend at Berghain, a vivid description of the former Ostgut, and some details about the transition between the two, see Daniel Wang’s “scene report” for online magazine Discopia. The magazine is offline, but can be found archived at The Internet Archive. [Wang, Daniel. 2004. Ostgut, Berlin: Daniel Wang’s scene report from the German capital. Discopia (4), offline, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20071224013200/www.discopia.com/portal/issues/issue4/ostgut.]
2. See the website of Karhard Architektur (http://www.karhard.de), the firm that directed the renovations to Berghain, for numerous images of the exterior and interior of Berghain. Under the menu “Häuser,” select “Berghain,” “Panorama Bar,” “Lab.oratory,” “Bierhof,” and “Panorama Bar Lounge” for images of each area of the club.
3. See the article “Im Reich des Wahnsinns” in Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin, for a hand-drawn floor plan of each floor (by Chrisse Kunst Comics), accompanied by a humorous (but rather accurate) description of each space. The floorplans have been reused here, with thanks to Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin. [Im Reich des Wahnsinns. 2009. Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin (15), http://sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de/texte/anzeigen/28877.]
4. See db artmag‘s profile of Berghain for descriptions of artwork in (and about) both Ostgut and Berghain, including images of Rituale des Verschwindens, “Freischwimmer” and “Nakt”): http://dbkunst.medianet.de/dbartmag/archiv/2005/d/4/1/341.html.
5. See FunktionOne’s website for images of their audio installation for Berghain: http://www.funktion-one.com/Berghain_Germany_Mondo.htm.
6. During renovations in the winter of 2010, this image was replaced by another Tillmans photo of a man’s “rosebud” (the anus, stretched open); this ignited a backlash among club regulars, who started a Facebook page demanding “our vagina back!” [Pirmasens, Deef. 2010. Panoramabar: “Die Muschi hat mir besser gefallen”. die gefühlskonserve, http://www.gefuehlskonserve.de/panoramabar-die-muschi-hat-mir-besser-gefallen-26012010.html.]
7. skin/hed. 2009. Berghain erhält 1,2 Millionen aus DDR-Vermögen. Berliner Morgenpost, Dec 7.
8. When newly renovated unisex bathrooms were opened in Panorama Bar in the winter of 2009, the statements made by Berghain management in electronic newsletters and flyers highlighted the fact that the new bathroom stalls were on average 2m² (21.5 sq.ft) larger than the previous ones—an improvement that required no explanation for Berghain’s regular clientele.
9. German: Rapp, Tobias. 2009. Lost and Sound : Berlin, Techno und der Easyjetset. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
10. English: Rapp, Tobias. 2010. Lost and Sound : Berlin, Techno and the Easyjet Set. Translated by P. Sabin. Berlin: Innervisions.
11. Sherburne, Philip. 2007. Techno: May 9, 2007. Pitchfork, http://pitchfork.com/features/techno/6604-techno/.

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